Advertisement
Review Article| Volume 16, ISSUE 4, P667-685, November 2012

Alcohol Metabolism

      Keywords

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribers receive full online access to your subscription and archive of back issues up to and including 2002.

      Content published before 2002 is available via pay-per-view purchase only.

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Clinics in Liver Disease
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

        • Khanna J.M.
        • Israel Y.
        Ethanol metabolism.
        Int Rev Physiol. 1980; 21: 275-315
        • Crabb D.W.
        • Bosron W.F.
        • Li T.K.
        Ethanol metabolism.
        Pharmacol Ther. 1987; 34: 59-73
        • Kennedy N.P.
        • Tipton K.F.
        Ethanol metabolism and alcoholic liver disease.
        Essays Biochem. 1990; 25: 137-195
        • Riveros-Rosas H.
        • Julian-Sanchez A.
        • Pina E.
        Enzymology of ethanol and acetaldehyde metabolism in mammals.
        Arch Med Res. 1997; 28: 453-471
        • Kalant H.
        Pharmacokinetics of ethanol: absorption, distribution and elimination.
        in: Begleiter H. Kissin B. The pharmacology of alcohol and alcohol dependence. Oxford University Press, New York1996: 15-58
        • Cederbaum A.
        Metabolism of ethanol, acetaldehyde and condensation products.
        in: Begleiter H. Kissin B. The pharmacology of alcohol and alcohol dependence. Oxford University Press, New York1996: 59-109
        • Lands W.E.
        A review of alcohol clearance in humans.
        Alcohol. 1998; 15: 147-160
        • Zakhari S.
        Overview: how is alcohol metabolized by the body.
        Alcohol Res Health. 2006; 29: 245-254
        • Zakhari S.
        • Li T.K.
        Determinants of alcohol use and abuse: impact of quantity and frequency patterns on liver disease.
        Hepatology. 2007; 46: 2032-2039
        • Frezza M.
        • Di Padova C.
        • Pozzato G.
        • et al.
        High blood alcohol levels in women.
        N Engl J Med. 1990; 322: 95-99
        • Cole-Harding S.
        • Wilson J.R.
        Ethanol metabolism in men and women.
        J Stud Alcohol. 1987; 48: 380-387
        • Norberg A.
        • Jones W.A.
        • Hahn R.G.
        • et al.
        Role of variability in explaining ethanol pharmacokinetics.
        Clin Pharmacokinet. 2003; 42: 1-31
        • Wilkinson P.K.
        • Sedman A.J.
        • Sakmar E.
        • et al.
        Pharmacokinetics of ethanol after oral administration in the fasting state.
        J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1977; 5: 207-224
        • Baraona E.
        • Abittan C.S.
        • Dohmen K.
        • et al.
        Gender differences in pharmacokinetics of alcohol.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001; 25: 502-507
        • Kwo P.Y.
        • Ramchandanl V.A.
        • O’Connor S.
        • et al.
        Gender differences in alcohol metabolism: relationship to liver volume and effect of adjusting for body mass.
        Gastroenterology. 1998; 115: 1552-1557
        • DiPadova C.
        • Worner T.M.
        • Julkunen R.J.
        • et al.
        Effects of fasting and chronic alcohol consumption on the first pass metabolism of ethanol.
        Gastroenterologist. 1987; 92: 1169-1173
        • Levitt M.D.
        • Furne J.
        • DeMaster E.
        First pass metabolism of ethanol is negligible in rat gastric mucosa.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997; 21: 293-297
        • Lee S.L.
        • Chau G.Y.
        • Yao C.T.
        • et al.
        Functional assessment of human alcohol dehydrogenase family in ethanol metabolism: significance of first-pass metabolism.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2006; 30: 1132-1142
        • Morgan M.Y.
        • Levine J.A.
        Alcohol and nutrition.
        Proc Nutr Soc. 1988; 47: 85-98
        • Lieber C.S.
        Perspectives: do alcohol calories count?.
        Am J Clin Nutr. 1991; 54: 976-982
        • Lands W.E.
        Alcohol and energy intake.
        Am J Clin Nutr. 1995; 62: 1101S-1106S
        • Addolorato G.
        • Capristo E.
        • Greco A.L.
        • et al.
        Energy expenditure, substrate oxidation and body composition in subjects with chronic alcoholism: new findings from metabolic assessment.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1997; 21: 962-967
        • Salaspuro M.P.
        • Lieber C.S.
        Non-uniformity of blood ethanol elimination: its exaggeration after chronic consumption.
        Ann Clin Res. 1978; 10: 294-297
        • Matsumoto H.
        • Fukui Y.
        Pharmacokinetics of ethanol: a review of the methodology.
        Addict Biol. 2002; 7: 5-14
        • Holford N.G.
        Clinical pharmacokinetics of ethanol.
        Clin Pharmacokinet. 1987; 13: 273-292
        • Ramchandani V.A.
        • Bostron W.F.
        • Li T.K.
        Research advances in ethanol metabolism.
        Pathol Biol. 2001; 49: 676-682
        • Reed T.E.
        • Kalant H.
        • Gibbins R.J.
        • et al.
        Alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism in Caucasians, Chinese and Amerinds.
        Can Med Assoc J. 1976; 6: 851-855
        • Bennion L.J.
        • Li T.K.
        Alcohol metabolism in American Indians and Whites.
        N Engl J Med. 1976; 294: 9-13
        • Passanati G.T.
        • Wolff C.A.
        • Vesell E.
        Reproducibility of individual rates of ethanol metabolism in fasting subjects.
        Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1990; 47: 389-396
        • Wissel P.S.
        Dietary influences on ethanol metabolism.
        Drug Nutr Interact. 1987; 5: 161-168
        • Ramchandani V.A.
        • Kwo P.Y.
        • Li T.K.
        Effect of food and food composition on alcohol elimination rates in healthy men and women.
        J Clin Pharmacol. 2001; 41: 1345-1350
        • Edenberg H.
        The genetics of alcohol metabolism.
        Alcohol Res Health. 2007; 30: 5-13
        • Crabb D.W.
        Ethanol oxidizing enzymes: roles in alcohol metabolism and alcoholic liver disease.
        Prog Liver Dis. 1995; 13: 151-172
        • Bosron W.
        • Ehrig T.
        • Li T.K.
        Genetic factors in alcohol metabolism and alcoholism.
        Semin Liver Dis. 1993; 13: 126-135
        • Eriksson C.J.
        • Fukunaga T.
        • Sarkola T.
        • et al.
        Functional relevance of human ADH polymorphism.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2001; 25: 157S-163S
        • Zintzaras E.
        • Stefanidis I.
        • Santos M.
        • et al.
        Do alcohol-metabolizing enzyme gene polymorphisms increase the risk of alcoholism and alcoholic liver disease.
        Hepatology. 2006; 43: 352-361
        • Kimura M.
        • Miyakawa T.
        • Matsushita S.
        • et al.
        Gender differences in the effects of ADHIB and ALDH2 polymorphisms in alcoholism.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2011; 35: 1923-1927
        • Meijer A.J.
        • Van Wuerkom G.M.
        • Williamson J.R.
        • et al.
        Rate-limiting factors in the oxidation of ethanol by isolated rat liver cells.
        Biochem J. 1975; 150: 205-209
        • Cederbaum A.I.
        • Dicker E.
        • Rubin E.
        Transfer and reoxidation of reducing equivalents as the rate-limiting steps in the oxidation of ethanol by liver cells isolated from fed and fasted rats.
        Arch Biochem Biophys. 1977; 183: 638-646
        • Gordon E.R.
        The effect of chronic consumption of ethanol on the redox state of the rat liver.
        Can J Biochem. 1972; 50: 949-957
        • Stubbs M.
        • Veech R.L.
        • Krebs H.A.
        Control of the redox of the nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide couple in rat liver cytoplasm.
        Biochem J. 1972; 126: 59-65
        • Veech R.L.
        • Guynn R.
        • Veloso D.
        The time course of the effects of ethanol in the redox and phosphorylation states of rat liver.
        Biochem J. 1972; 127: 387-397
        • Szabo G.
        • Hoek J.B.
        • Darley-Usmar V.
        • et al.
        Alcohol and mitochondrial metabolism: at the crossroads of life and death.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005; 29: 1749-1752
        • Teplova V.V.
        • Belosludtsev K.N.
        • Belosludtseva N.V.
        • et al.
        Role of mitochondria in hepatotoxicity of ethanol.
        Cell Biophys. 2010; 55: 951-958
        • Cederbaum A.I.
        • Lieber C.S.
        • Beattie D.S.
        • et al.
        Characterization of shuttle mechanisms in the transport of reducing equivalents into mitochondria.
        Arch Biochem Biophys. 1973; 158: 763-781
        • Dawson A.G.
        Rapid oxidation of NADH via the reconstituted malate-aspartate shuttle in systems containing mitochondrial and soluble fractions of rat liver: implications for ethanol metabolism.
        Biochem Pharmacol. 1982; 31: 2733-2738
        • Cederbaum A.I.
        • Lieber C.S.
        • Toth A.
        • et al.
        Effect of ethanol and fat on the transport of reducing equivalents into rat liver mitochondria.
        J Biol Chem. 1973; 248: 4977-4986
        • Sugano T.
        • Handler J.A.
        • Yoshihara H.
        • et al.
        Acute and chronic ethanol treatment in vivo increases malate-aspartate shuttle capacity in perfused rat liver.
        J Biol Chem. 1990; 265: 21549-21553
        • Zimatkin S.M.
        • Liopo A.V.
        • Deitrich R.A.
        Distribution and kinetics of ethanol metabolism in rat brain.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1998; 22: 1623-1627
        • Thurman R.G.
        • Handler J.A.
        New perspectives in catalase-dependent ethanol metabolism.
        Drug Metab Rev. 1989; 20: 679-688
        • Deng X.S.
        • Deitrich R.A.
        Putative role of brain acetaldehyde in ethanol addiction.
        Curr Drug Abuse Rev. 2008; 1: 3-8
        • Guengerich F.R.
        Mammalian cytochrome P450.
        CRC Press, Boca Raton (FL)1987
        • Nelson D.R.
        • Koymans L.
        • Kamataki T.
        • et al.
        P450 superfamily: update on new sequences, gene mapping, accession numbers and nomenclature.
        Pharmacogenomics. 1996; 6: 1-42
        • Lewis D.F.
        • Pratt J.M.
        The P450 catalytic cycle and oxygenation mechanism.
        Drug Metab Rev. 1998; 30: 739-786
        • Lieber C.S.
        Cytochrome P4502E1: its physiological and pathological role.
        Physiol Rev. 1997; 77: 517-544
        • Caro A.A.
        • Cederbaum A.I.
        Oxidative stress, toxicology and pharmacology of CYP2E1.
        Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004; 44: 27-42
        • Bolt M.
        • Koos P.H.
        • Their H.
        The cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2E1 in the biological processing of industrial chemicals.
        Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2003; 76: 174-185
        • Koop D.P.
        Oxidative and reductive metabolism by cytochrome P4502E1.
        FASEB J. 1992; 6: 724-730
        • Gonzalez F.J.
        Roles of cytochromes P450 in chemical toxicity and oxidative stress: studies with CYP2E1.
        Mutat Res. 2005; 569: 101-110
        • Lu Y.
        • Cederbaum A.I.
        CYP2E1 and oxidative liver injury by alcohol.
        Free Radic Biol Med. 2008; 44: 723-738
        • Bernstein J.
        • Videla L.
        • Israel Y.
        Role of the sodium pump in the regulation of liver metabolism in experimental alcoholism.
        Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1974; 242: 560-572
        • Cederbaum A.I.
        • Dicker E.
        • Lieber C.S.
        • et al.
        Ethanol oxidation by isolated hepatocytes from ethanol-treated and control rats; factor contributing to the metabolic adaptation after chronic ethanol consumption.
        Biochem Pharmacol. 1978; 27: 7-15
        • Videla L.
        • Israel Y.
        Factors that modify the metabolism of ethanol in rat liver and adaptive changes produced by its chronic administration.
        Biochem J. 1970; 118: 275-281
        • Bradford B.U.
        • Rusyn I.
        Swift increase in alcohol metabolism (SIAM): understanding the phenomenon of hypermetabolism in liver.
        Alcohol. 2005; 35: 13-17
        • Kashiwagi T.
        • Ji S.
        • Lemasters J.J.
        • et al.
        Rates of alcohol dehydrogenase-dependent ethanol metabolism in periportal and pericentral regions of the perfused rat liver.
        Mol Pharmacol. 1982; 21: 438-443
        • Vaananen H.
        • Lindros K.O.
        Comparison of ethanol metabolism in isolated periportal or perivenous hepatocytes: effects of chronic ethanol treatment.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1985; 9: 315-321
        • Chen L.
        • Sidner R.A.
        • Lumeng L.
        Distribution of alcohol dehydrogenase and the low Km form of aldehyde dehydrogenase in isolated perivenous and periportal hepatocytes in rats.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1992; 16: 23-29
        • Seidl S.
        • Wurst F.M.
        • Alt A.
        Ethyl glucuronide - a biological marker for recent alcohol consumption.
        Addict Biol. 2001; 6: 205-212
        • Laposata M.
        Fatty acid ethyl esters: non oxidative metabolites of ethanol.
        Addict Biol. 1998; 3: 5-14
        • Agarwal D.P.
        • Goedde H.W.
        Human aldehyde dehydrogenases: their role in alcoholism.
        Alcohol. 1989; 6: 517-523
        • Goedde H.W.
        • Agarwal D.P.
        Pharmacogenetics of aldehyde dehydrogenase.
        Pharmacol Ther. 1990; 45: 345-371
        • Lindros K.O.
        • Eriksson C.J.
        The role of acetaldehyde in the action of ethanol.
        Finnish Foundation Stud Alc. 1975; 23
        • Niemela O.
        Acetaldehyde adducts of proteins: diagnostic and pathogenic implications in diseases caused by excessive alcohol consumption.
        Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 1993; 53: 45-54
        • Sorrell M.F.
        • Tuma D.J.
        Hypothesis: alcoholic liver injury and the covalent binding of acetaldehyde.
        Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1989; 9: 306-309
        • Sophos N.A.
        • Vasiliou V.
        Aldehyde dehydrogenase gene superfamily: the 2002 update.
        Chem Biol Interact. 2002; 143–144: 5-22